②……的原因。如：所以兴怀。
今义： ①表因果关系的连词；②实在的情由或适宜的举动（限用于固定词组中做宾语）。
俯仰
古义：形容时间短暂
今义：低头抬头
品类
古义：物品，物类。指天地万物
今义：物品的种类
【句式】
古汉语句式：
d）省略句：引（之）以为流觞曲水
【通假字】
虽趣舍万殊，静躁不同 "趣" 通 "趋" 取
悟言一室之内 “悟”通“晤” 面对面
英译
The Orchid Pavilion
In the ninth year of the reign Yunghe in the beginning of late spring we met at the Orchid Pavilion in Shanyin of Kweich'i for the Water Festival, to wash away the evil spirits. Here are gathered all the illustrious persons and assembled both the old and the young. Here are tall mountains and majestic peaks, trees with thick foliage and tall bamboos. Here are also clear streams and gurgling rapids, catching one's eye from the right and left. We group ourselves in order, sitting by the waterside, and drinking in succession from a cup floating down the curving stream; and although there is no music from string and wood-wind instruments, yet with alternate singing and drinking, we are well disposed to thoroughly enjoy a quiet intimate conversation. Today the sky is clear, the air is fresh and the kind breeze is mild. Truly enjoyable it is sit to watch the immense universe above and the myriad things below, traveling over the entire landscape with our eyes and allowing our sentiments to roam about at will, thus exhausting the pleasures of the eye and the ear. Now when people gather together to surmise life itself, some sit and talk and unburden their thoughts in the intimacy of a room, and some, overcome by a sentiment, soar forth into a world beyond bodily realities. Although we select our pleasures according to our inclinations—some noisy and rowdy, and others quiet and sedate—yet when we have found that which pleases us, we are all happy and contented, to the extent of forgetting that we are growing old. And then, when satiety follows satisfaction, and with the change of circumstances, change also our whims and desires, there then arises a feeling of poignant regret. In the twinkling of an eye, the objects of our former pleasures have become things of the past, still compelling in us moods of regretful memory. Furthermore, although our lives may be long or short, eventually we all end in nothingness. "Great indeed are life and death", said the ancients. Ah! What sadness!
作品分析
文章的第一段较具体地写了兰亭集会的盛况。本段共六句。第一句交代了集会的时间、地点及目的，第二句交代了与会的人物，第三句写了兰亭之优雅的环境，第四句写盛会上人们的活动情况，第五句写晴和的天气，第六句抒发感慨。显然，六句中，有些是惯常的必要的交代，有些是写自然造化之美，有些却是写集会的“盛况”。贵族高官们在晴朗的天空下，感受着和煦的春风，可远眺可近观可仰视可俯察，流觞曲水，饮酒赋诗，畅叙幽情，何其痛哉!快哉!乐哉!而“仰观宇宙之大，俯察品类之盛”，其作用在于“游目骋怀”“极视听之娱”。这里在抒发了生之快乐的同时，又表现出一种旷达的心境。
本段以写盛会始，以抒感慨终；以做“修禊”为名，以行快乐为实。
文章的第二段写了两种人，一个是喜欢“静”的人，一个是喜欢“躁”的人。前者“取诸怀抱，悟言一室之内”，后者“因寄所托，放浪形骸之外”，性格乃至行为上有很大的不同。但是，两者又有惊人的相似之处：“当其欣于所遇，暂得于己，快然自足，曾不知老之将至；及其所之既倦，情随事迁，感慨系之矣。”快乐的时候，得意忘形，感觉不到自己在悄悄地衰老，等对高兴的事物感到了厌倦，感慨就自然而然地产生了。什么感慨?有两个：一个是“向之所欣，俯仰之间，已为陈述”；另一个是“修短随化，终期于尽”。它告诉我们三点：其一，事物有生就有灭，有乐就有悲；其二，事物由生到灭，由乐到悲，其时间很短暂，倏忽之间，正如白驹之过隙；其三，生命之长短之存灭，不是主观所能左右的，它取决于自然的造化。由此说来，生命是何其宝贵!正因如此，所以作者才引用古训“死生亦大矣”；正因如此，所以作者慨叹：“岂不痛哉!”
东晋是名士风流的时代。他们崇尚老庄，大谈玄理，不务实际，思想虚无，寄情山水，笑傲山野。他们思想消极，行动无为，就像浮萍之于海水，随波荡漾，飘到哪里就是哪里。当然，死了就死了，无所谓，因为死就是生，生就是死，“一死生”“齐彭殇”。对此，作者作了委婉的批评。…
