简而言之，肺部一发炎，嗜中性粒细胞就得拿出扫帚NET清理炎症细胞，就有可能把附近休眠的癌细胞给折腾醒了 ，醒来的癌细胞就可能发展成肿瘤。
那，好端端的，肺部又为什么会发生炎症反应呢？有可能是因为细菌感染，也有可能是因为吸烟。最近有两项大型乳腺癌研究都发现了吸烟与乳腺癌的复发和死亡率有显著关联[12, 13]，在Egeblad团队的乳腺癌小鼠模型中，曝露在香烟燃烧产生的烟雾中的小鼠，被香烟烟雾引发的肺部炎症，能唤醒扩散到肺部的休眠乳腺癌细胞，长出的乳腺癌转移病灶比不吸烟的小鼠要多得多[11]（图6来自[11]）。
吸烟有害健康！
参考文献
1.Matser, Y. A. H. et al. Transmission of breast cancer by a single multiorgan donor to 4 transplant recipients. American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons 18, 1810-1814, doi:10.1111/ajt.14766 (2018).
2.McIntosh, D. A. et al. HOMOTRANSPLANTATION OF A CADAVER NEOPLASM AND A RENAL HOMOGRAFT. Jama 192, 1171-1173 (1965).
3.Martin, D. C., Rubini, M. & Rosen, V. J. CADAVERIC RENAL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION WITH INADVERTENT TRANSPLANTATION OF CARCINOMA. Jama 192, 752-754 (1965).
4.Strauss, D. C. & Thomas, J. M. Transmission of donor melanoma by organ transplantation. The Lancet. Oncology 11, 790-796, doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(10)70024-3 (2010).
5.Kang, Y. & Pantel, K. Tumor cell dissemination: emerging biological insights from animal models and cancer patients. Cancer Cell 23, 573-581, doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2013.04.017 (2013).
6.Demicheli, R., Abbattista, A., Miceli, R., Valagussa, P. & Bonadonna, G. Time distribution of the recurrence risk for breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy: further support about the concept of tumor dormancy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 41, 177-185 (1996).
7.Demicheli, R., Retsky, M. W., Hrushesky, W. J. & Baum, M. Tumor dormancy and surgery-driven interruption of dormancy in breast cancer: learning from failures. Nature clinical practice. Oncology 4, 699-710, doi:10.1038/ncponc0999 (2007).
8.Pommier, A. et al. Unresolved endoplasmic reticulum stress engenders immune-resistant, latent pancreatic cancer metastases. Science 360, doi:10.1126/science.aao4908 (2018).
9.Park, J. et al. Cancer cells induce metastasis-supporting neutrophil extracellular DNA traps. Science translational medicine 8, 361ra138, doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aag1711 (2016).
10.Zhao, M. L., Chi, H. & Sun, L. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps of Cynoglossus semilaevis: Production Characteristics and Antibacterial Effect. Frontiers in immunology 8, 290, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00290 (2017).
11.Albrengues, J. et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps produced during inflammation awaken dormant cancer cells in mice. Science 361, doi:10.1126/science.aao4227 (2018).
12.Pierce, J. P. et al. Lifetime cigarette smoking and breast cancer prognosis in the After Breast Cancer Pooling Project. J Natl Cancer Inst 106, djt359, doi:10.1093/jnci/djt359 (2014).
13.Wu, A. H. et al. The California Breast Cancer Survivorship Consortium (CBCSC): prognostic factors associated with racial/ethnic differences in breast cancer survival. Cancer causes & control : CCC 24, 1821-1836, doi:10.1007/s10552-013-0260-7 (2013).
本文为严肃科普媒体《返朴》（微信号：fanpu2019）首发，《返朴》由国际一流科学家和科普专家担任总编及编委。任何媒体转载时须保留《返朴》名称及微信号和作者信息。未经许可，严禁对包括标题在内的任何改动。转载、授权、合作请联系…
